Dr. Ofir Degani

Phytopathology and Crop Protection

 Dr. Ofir Degani’s Research Group

Dr. Ofir Degani's group's research is based on molecular,  biochemical, and phytopathological approaches and focuses on the understanding and prevention of plant fungal diseases.  His group has been leading the research in Israel for the past decade on Magnaporthiopsis maydis, the agent of the late wilt of corn. Additional soil fungal diseases that are currently the focus of Dr. Degani’s lab research are Fusarium verticillioides, the causal agent of maize stalk rot, Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot, and Fusarium spp., the causal agents of onion (Allium cepa) basal rot.

 Current ongoing research topics:

Study the “plant disease triangle” - the combined influence of the host plant, the fungal pathogen, and the environment on plant diseases and crop protection.
Chemical protection (using seed treatments, spraying, and dripline irrigation) of maize and other crops against fungal pathogens.
Develop biological approaches to protect crops from soil diseases. This includes the use of biocontrol agents (fungi and bacteria), strengthening soil mycorrhizal networks (the soil microbiome), manipulating the plants’ natural endophytes (the plant microbiome), and enhancing the plants’ natural defense system.
Investigate the interactions between phytopathogenic fungi and their combined influence on crop disease burst and severity.

תמונה

Maize late wilt disease research

Research plan and challenges:

The growing trend of reducing pesticides’ use raises the need for alternative ways of coping with severe fungal diseases such as the late wilt of maize. Hence, we propose developing two environmentally friendly strategies to control maize late wilt disease, for which we have gained positive preliminary results. First, maintaining the continuity of soil mycorrhizal fungi between seasons has proven to be an essential factor in various field crops. Still, it has not yet been tested against the late wilt pathogen in Israel. The potential of strengthening soil mycorrhizal networks against the soil fungal pathogen has only now started to be revealed. The unique case of late wilt disease and the encouraging preliminary results provide an excellent opening stage and opportunity to investigate this control method. In order to do this, we will be required to:

• Repeat and establish the results using a greenhouse pot experiment over a full growth period
• Identify the mycorrhizal fungi involved
• Examine ways of strengthening the desired soil mycorrhizal networks
• Extend the research to field experiments

Similarly, in recent years we have conducted research with a new Trichoderma spp. isolates and achieved promising results. Consequently, we propose using the effective Trichoderma spp. or their extract in order to prevent the penetration and establishment of the M. maydis pathogen at the early growth period of maize. Thus we suggest using the late wilt controlling agents – Trichoderma isolates – and developing application methods to implement them. This goal will require several steps:

• Identifying the active compound/s in the Trichoderma extract
• Examining ways of enhancing the secretion of these ingredients
• Applying the Trichoderma hyphae or the extract and examining it in sprouts (up to the age of 40 days) under controlled conditions in a growth chamber
• Examining the Trichoderma (extract and hyphae) seed coating against direct application of the fungi or their section to the soil under field conditions over a full growth period

We are now specializing in two important and severe corp diseases: cotton charcoal rot, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina, and onion (Allium cepa) basal rot caused by Fusarium sp. The challenges of developing efficient and cost-effective strategies to reduce the diseases’ damages include:

• Study these pathogens and their interactions with the host, under different environmental conditions.
• Undersending the involvement of other fungal phytopathogens in the diseases’ outburst and damages.
• Develop a new research tool-kit to study those diseases.
• Search for new ways (chemical, biological, and agro-mechanical) to restrict those diseases’ harmful effects and prevent their spreading

תמונה

Teaching in academic institutions:

2001 - 2017 – Life of Plants, Ohalo College (Israel), undergraduate, 2 weekly hrs.
2001 - 2017 – Plant physiology, Ohalo College (Israel), undergraduate, 2 weekly hrs.
2012 - 2016 – Evolution, Ohalo College (Israel), undergraduate, 2 weekly hrs.
2012 - 2016 – Molecular biology, Ohalo College (Israel), undergraduate, 2 weekly hrs.
2012 - 2017 – Botany, Ohalo College (Israel), undergraduate, 2 weekly hrs.
2013 - 2017 – Scientific Excursions, Ohalo College (Israel), undergraduate, 2 weekly hrs.
2008 - Today – Practice in Computational Biochemistry, Tel-Hai College (Israel), undergraduate, 2 weekly hrs.
2008 - Today – Biochemistry Lab, Tel-Hai College (Israel), undergraduate, 4 weekly hrs.
2008 - Today – Experimental Design, Tel-Hai College (Israel), undergraduate, 2 weekly hrs.

Awards and Fellowships:

1998 - 2001 – Sc. full fellowship scholarship, Migal - Galilee Research Institute.
2001 - 2005 – Ph.D. full fellowship scholarship, Technion Institute of Technology (Israel).
2003 – D. student award for outstanding teaching, Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology (Israel).
2004 – Ph.D. student award for outstanding research, Faculty of Biology, Technion Institute of Technology (Israel).
2005 – Travel grant, the Fungal Genetics Conference organizing committee, the BARD workshop organizing committee, and the Israel Society for Microbiology for participation in the Asilomar, 2005 and BARD workshop, 2005 conferences.
2015, 2018 - 2021 -2022 – Excellence in Research Acknowledgment. Tel-Hai College (Israel).
2016 – 2019, 2021-2022 – Staff member Excellency Acknowledgment. Tel-Hai College (Israel).
2021 – Certificate of appreciation for publishing the highest number of articles in the Faculty of Science in 2021. Tel-Hai College (Israel).

Research Grants:

Publications related to research by referral to the number in the list of publications.

Articles in refereed journals:

Published

1. Degani O. ^a, Dimant E., and Margalit E. Impact of Fusarium Species Composition and Incidence on Onion Basal Rot in Northeastern Israel. Horticulturae (2024), 10, 373. (Free full-text link).
2. Degani O. ^a, Chen A., Dimant E., Gordani A., Malul T., Rabinovitz O. Integrated Management of the Cotton Charcoal Rot Disease Using Biological Agents and Chemical Pesticides. Journal of Fungi (2024), 10, 250. (Free full-text link).
3. Degani, O. ^a, Gordani, A., Dimant, E., Chen, A., and Rabinovitz, O. The Cotton Charcoal Rot Causal Agent, Macrophomina phaseolina, Biological and Chemical Control. Frontiers in Plant Science (2023) 14, 1272335. (Free full-text link).
4. Dimant, E., and Degani, O. ^a, Molecular Real-Time PCR Monitoring of Onion Fusarium Basal Rot chemical control. Journal of Fungi (2023), 9, 809 (Free full-text link).
5. Degani O. ^a, Becher P., and Gordani, A. Real-time PCR early detection of Trichoderma treatments efficiency against cotton charcoal rot disease. Journal of Natural Pesticide Research (2023), 4, 100027. (Free full-text link).
6. Gordani, A., Hijazi, B., Dimant, E., and Degani, O. ^a. Integrated biological and chemical control against the maize late wilt agent Magnaporthiopsis maydis. Soil Systems (2023), 7(1), 1. (Free full-text link).
7. Degani, O. ^a, Yifa R., Chen, A., Gordani A., and Becher P. Cultivars resistance assay for maize late wilt disease. Biology (2022), 11(12), 1854. (Free full-text link).
8. Degani, O. ^a, Elhanan D., Gordani, A., Graph S., and Margalit E. Prevention and control of Fusarium spp. cepae, The Causal Agent of Onion (Allium cepa) Basal Rot. Horticulturae (2022), 8 (11), 1071. (Free full-text link). Editor's choice.
9. Shofman, G., Bahouth, M. and Degani, O. ^a Aggressive strains of the late wilt fungus of corn exist in Israel in mixed populations and can specialize in disrupting growth or plant health. Fungal Biology (2022), 126(11-12), 793-808. ((Free full-text link)
10. Degani, O. ^a and Gordani, A. New Antifungal Compound, 6-Pentyl-α-Pyrone, against the Maize Late Wilt Pathogen, Magnaporthiopsis maydis. Agronomy (2022), 12 (10), 2339. (Free full-text link). Editor's choice.
11. Degani, O. ^a, Gordani, A.; Becher, P., Chen, A. Rabinovitz, O. Crop Rotation and Minimal Tillage Selectively Affect Maize Growth Promotion under Late Wilt Disease Stress. Journal of Fungi (2022), 8(6):586. (Free full-text link).
12. Degani, O. ^a, Becher P., Gordani A. Pathogenic interactions between Macrophomina phaseolina and Magnaporthiopsis maydis in mutually infected cotton sprouts.Agriculture (2022), 12 (2), 255. (Free full-text link).
13. Degani, O. ^a, Chen, A., Dor, S. Orlov-Levin, V., Jacob M., Shoshani G. and Rabinovitz O. Remote evaluation of maize cultivars susceptibility to late wilt disease caused by Magnaporthiopsis maydis. Journal of Plant Pathology (2022) 104, 509–525. (Free full-text link). Editor's choice.
14. Degani, O. Control Strategies to Cope with Late Wilt of Maize. Pathogens (2022), 11, 13. (Free full-text link).
15. Degani, O. A Review: Late Wilt of Maize—The Pathogen, the Disease, Current Status and Future Perspective. Journal of Fungi (2021), 7 (11), 989. (Free full-text link).
16. Degani, O. ^a, Khatib, S., Becher, P., Gordani, A., Harris, R. Trichoderma asperellum Secreted 6-Pentyl-α-Pyrone to Control Magnaporthiopsis maydis, the Maize Late Wilt Disease Agent. Biology (2021), 10 (9), 897. (Free full-text link).
17. Degani, O. ^a, Gordani A., Becher P. and Dor, S. Crop Cycle and Soil Cultivation Role in the Outbreak of Late Wilt Disease of Maize, caused by Magnaporthiopsis maydis. Journal of Fungi (2021), 7 (9), 706. (Free full-text link).
18. Degani, O. ^a, Rabinovitz O., Becher P., Gordani A., Chen A. Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Trichoderma asperellum Confer Growth Promotion and Protection against Late Wilt Disease in the Field. Journal of Fungi (2021), 7 (6), 444. (Free full-text link).
19. Degani, O. ^a, Regev, D., and Dor, S. The Microflora of Maize Grains as a Biological Barrier against the Late Wilt Causal Agent, Magnaporthiopsis maydis. Agronomy (2021), 11 (5), 965. (Free full-text link). Editor's choice.
20. Degani, O. ^a and Dor S. Trichoderma Biological Control to Protect Sensitive Maize Hybrids against Late Wilt Disease in the Field. Journal of Fungi (2021), 7 (4), 315. (Free full-text link).
21. Degani, O. ^a and Kalman, B. Assessment of Commercial Fungicides against Onion (Allium cepa) Basal Rot Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae and Fusarium acutatum. Journal of Fungi (2021), 7 (3), 235. (Free full-text link).
22. Degani, O. Synergism between Cutinase and Pectinase in the Hydrolysis of Cotton Fibers' Cuticle. Catalysts (2021), 11 (1), 84. (Free full-text link).
23. Degani, O. ^a, Regev, D., Dor, S., and, Rabinowitz, O. Soil bioassay for detecting Magnaporthiopsis maydis infestation using a hyper susceptible maize hybrid. Journal of Fungi (2020), 6 (3), 107. (Free full-text link).
24. Degani, O. ^a, Goldblat, Y. Potential role of laccases in the relationship of the maize late wilt causal agent, Magnaporthiopsis maydis, and its host. Journal of Fungi  (2020), 6 (2), 63. (Free full-text link).
25. Degani, O. ^a, Dor, S., Chen, A., Orlov-Levin, V., Stolov-Yosef, A., Regev, D., Rabinovitz, O. Molecular tracking and remote sensing to evaluate new chemical treatments against the maize late wilt disease causal agent, Magnaporthiopsis maydis. Journal of Fungi (2020), 6 (2), 54. (Free full-text link).
26. Kalman, B., Abraham, D., Graph, S., Perl-Treves, R., Meller Harel, Y., Degani, O. ^a Isolation and Identification of Fusarium spp., the causal agents of onion (Allium cepa) basal rot in northeastern Israel. Biology (2020), 9 (4), 69. (Free full-text link). Editor's choice.
27. Degani, O. ^a, Dor, S., Abraham, D., Cohen, R. Interactions between Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Macrophomina phaseolina, the causes of wilt diseases in maize and cotton. Microorganisms (2020), 8 (2), 249. (Free full-text link).
28. Dor, S. and Degani, O. ^a Uncovering the host range for maize pathogen Magnaporthiopsis maydis. Plants (2019), 8 (8), 259. (Free full-text link).
29. Degani, O. ^a, Dor, S., Movshovitz, D. and Rabinovitz, O. Methods for Studying Magnaporthiopsis maydis, the Maize Late Wilt Causal Agent. Agronomy (2019), 9 (4), 181. (Free full-text link).
30. Degani, O. ^a, Movshowitz, D., Dor S., Meerson, A., Goldblat, Y., and Rabinovitz, O. Evaluating Azoxystrobin seed coating against maize late wilt disease using a sensitive qPCR-based method. Plant Disease (2019), 103 (2) 238-248. (Free full-text Link).
31. Degani, O. ^a, Dor, S., Movshowitz, D., Fraidman, E., Rabinowitz, O. and Graph, S. Effective chemical protection against the maize late wilt causal agent, Harpophora maydis, in the field. PloS ONE (2018), 13 (12), e0208353 (Free full-text link).
32. Degani, O. Cochliobolus heterostrophus T-toxin gene expression modulation via G protein and MAPK pathways. Plant Protection Science (2015), 51 (2), 53–60. (Free full-text link).
33. Degani, O. Production and purification of cutinase from Fusarium oxysporum using modified growth media and specificity cutinase substrate. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (2015), 6 (4), 245-258. (Free full-text link).
34. Degani, O. ^a, Drori R. and Goldblat Y. Plant growth hormones suppress the development of Harpophora maydis, the cause of late wilt in maize. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants (2015), 21 (1), 137-149. (Free full-text link).
35. Degani, O. Mediation of Fungicide Fludioxonil Activity and Resistance through Cochliobolus heterostrophus G-protein and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Phytoparasitica (2015), 43 (2), 215-228. (Free full-text link).
36. Degani, O. ^a and Goldblat Y. Ambient Stresses Regulate the Development of the Maize Late Wilt Causing Agent, Harpophora maydis. Agricultural Sciences (2014), 5 (7), 571-582. (Free full-text link).
37. Degani, O. Pathogenicity Assay for Cochliobolus heterostrophus G-Protein and MAPK Signaling Deficiency Strains. American Journal of Plant Sciences (2014), 5 (9), 1318-1328. (Free full-text link).
38. Degani, O. ^a,Weinberg^, T. and Graph, S. Chemical control of maize late wilt in the field. Phytoparasitica (2014), 42 (4), 559-570. (Free full-text link).
39. Degani, O. G protein and MAPK signaling pathways control the ability of Cochliobolus heterostrophus to exploit different carbon sources. Advances in Biological Chemistry (2014), 4 (1), 40-50. (Free full-text link).
40. Degani, O. Gene expression modulation of two biosynthesis pathways via signal transduction in Cochliobolus heterostrophus. Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology (2014), 5 (4), 340-352. (Free full-text link).
41. Degani, O. ^a and Cernica, G. Diagnosis and Control of Harpophora maydis, the Cause of Late Wilt in Maize. Advances in Microbiology (2014), 4 (2), 94-105. (Free full-text link).
42. Degani, O. Construction of a constitutively activated Gα mutant in the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus. American Journal of Plant Sciences. (2013), 4 (12), 2394-2399. (Free full-text link).
43. Degani, O. ^a, Lev, S. and Ronen M. Hydrophobin gene expression in the maize pathogen Cochliobolus heterostrophus, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. (2013), 83, 25-34 (Free full-text link).
44. Degani, O. ^a Cochliobolus heterostrophus G-protein alpha and beta subunit double mutant reveals shared and distinct roles in development and virulence, Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. (2013), 82, 35-45. (Free full-text link).
45. Drori, R., Goldberg, D., Rabinovitz, O., Sharon A., Levy, M. and Degani, O. ^a Molecular diagnostic for Harpophora maydis, the cause of late wilt disease in northern Israel. Phytopathologia Mediterranea. (2013), 52 (1), 16−29. (Free full-text link).
46. Igbaria, A., Lev, S., Rose, M. S, Lee, B. N., Hadar, R., Degani, O., and Horwitz B. A. Distinct and combined roles of the MAP kinases of Cochliobolus heterostrophus in virulence and stress responses, Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. (2008), 21 (6), 769-80. (Free full-text link).
47. Degani, O., Salman, H, Gepstein, S and Dosoretz, C. G. Synthesis and characterization of a new cutinase substrate, 4-nitrophenyl (16-methyl sulfone ester) hexadecanoate. Journal of Biotechnology. (2006), 121 (3), 346-350. (Free full-text link).
48. Degani, O., Maor, R., Hadar, R., Sharon, A. and Horwitz, B. A. Host physiology and pathogenic variation of Cochliobolus heterostrophus strains with mutations in the G protein alpha subunit, CGA1. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. (2004), 70 (8), 5005-5009. (Free full-text link).
49. Degani, O., Gepstein, S. and Dosoretz, C. G. A new method for measuring scouring efficiency of natural fibers based on the cellulose-binding domain-beta-glucuronidase fused protein. Journal of Biotechnology. (2004), 107 (3), 265-273. (Free full-text link).
50. Degani, O., Gepstein, S. and Dosoretz, C. G. Potential use of cutinase in enzymatic scouring of cotton fiber cuticle. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. (2002), 102 (1), 277-289. (Free full-text Link).

^a Corresponding author

1. Articles or Chapters in refereed Scientific Books

 Published

1. Degani, O. Accurate virulence test method for Cochliobolus heterostrophus wild-type and mutant strains in the post-genomic era. In Pathogenicity of Cochliobolus Species in Post Genomic Era. 1^st Edition. Bengyella L. and Devi Waikhom S. (Eds.). Stadium Press LLC, Texas, USA, (2017), chapter 4, 92-111.

2. Degani O. A Green Solution to Maize Late Wilt Disease. In Trichoderma: Taxonomy, Biodiversity and Applications. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. (2023), chapter 3. 65-82. (full-text link).

3. Degani O. Late Wilt of Maize: The Pathogen, the Disease, Current Status, and Future Perspective. In: Verma, P.K., Mishra, S., Srivastava, V., Mehrotra, S. (eds) Plant Pathogen Interaction. (2024) Springer, Singapore. (full-text link).

2. Accepted for Publication

1. Degani O. Bio-Hydrolysis of Cotton Fibers’ Cuticle enhanced by Synergism between. Cutinase and Pectinase. New Research on Synergism. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. (2024) accepted.

3. Articles in Conference Proceedings

1. Chen A., Jacob M., Shoshani G., Dafny-Yelin M., Degani O., Rabinovitz O. Early detection of soil-borne diseases in field crops via remote sensing. Precision Agriculture '21 (2021), Editor John V. Stafford. 217 – 224. (Link).

4. Entries in refereed Encyclopedias

1. Degani O. Topic review: Strategies to Cope with Late Wilt of Maize. In: Encyclopedia platform (MDPI), Subjects: Agriculture, Dairy and Animal Science. (2022). (Full-text link).

5. Other Publications

1. Zonenberg T., Dafny Yelin M., Shlisel M. and Degani O., Examination of Hybrid grapevine varieties' Resistance to Downey and Powdery mildew diseases in Northern Israel ‘Alon Hanotea’, 77, (2023), 16-21. (Full-text link).
2. Degani O. A Green Solution to Maize Late Wilt Disease. IsraelAgri.com, Israeli Agriculture International Portal. 28 March (2022) (Full-text link).
3. Degani O. How to promote gifted children. Al Hazafon, September (2021), 21. [Hebrew]. (Full-text link).
4. Degani O. The Enemy of My Enemy is My Friend – a Green Solution to Late Wilt Disease of Maize. Mews Masove, (2021). [Hebrew].
5. Degani O. ^a and Dor S. The secret life of the Maize Pathogen Magnaporthiopsis maydis. Sade Vayerek, The professional magazine of Israel Vegetable Growers Organization. (2019), 329, 42-45. [Hebrew]. (Full-text link).
6. Degani O. Economical Solution for Late Wilt Disease of Corn. IsraelAgri.com, Israeli Agriculture International Portal. 04 March (2019). (Full-text link).
7. Degani O. ^a, Dor S., Movshovitz D., Fraidman E., Rabinowitz O., Assaf Chen and Graph S. An economical solution for the late wilt disease of corn. Sade Vayerek, The professional magazine of Israel Vegetable Growers Organization. (2019), 324, 56-66. [Hebrew]. (Full text link).
8. Degani O. ^a, Drori R., Goldblat Y. and Dor S. Plant hormones regulate the development Harpophora maydis, the maize late wilt-causing agent. Nir Vatelem, The professional magazine of Israel Extensive Cultivation Organization. (2017), 71, 15-24. [Hebrew]. (Full-text Link).
9. Degani O. ^a, Goldblat Y. and Cohen S. Environmental conditions regulate the development of the maize late wilt causal agent, Harpophora maydis. Nir Vatelem, The professional magazine of Israel Extensive Cultivation Organization. (2015), 57, 24-30. [Hebrew]. (Full-text Link).
10. Degani O. A molecular assay for Harpophora maydis, the cause of maize late wilt disease. Nir Vatelem, The professional magazine of Israel Extensive Cultivation Organization. (2013), 49, 24-31. [Hebrew]. (Full-text link).
11. Degani O. Inquiry vs. research. Gifted, outstanding students and knowledge seekers (M.M.CH) Journal of the Division for gifted and talented students, Israel Ministry of education, February, (2013). [Hebrew]. (Full-text Link).
12. Degani O. Late wilt of corn, pathogenesis, and control. Nir Vatelem, The professional magazine of Israel Extensive Cultivation Organization. (2011), 32, 10-13. [Hebrew]. (Full-text link).
13. Degani O. Maize late wilt disease - background and new findings. Sade Vayerek, The professional magazine of Israel Vegetable Growers Organization. (2009), 10, 51-52. [Hebrew]. (Full-text link).
14. Degani O. Harpophora maydis in wilt of sweet corn: Characterization of the disease cycle and development of protection and control. Yevul-Si, The Journal of Israel Advance Agriculture, Special publication of the Northern R&D. (2008). [Hebrew].

^a Corresponding author

L. Articles under review or in preparation

1. ShofmanG. and Degani O. ^a, Interspecies Cross-Talk between Magnaporthiopsis maydis and Fusarium verticillioides in Mutually Infected Maize Plants. 2024, Scientific Reports, under review.
2. ShofmanG. and Degani O. ^a, Virulence and Synergism in Diverse Strains of the Maize Late Wilt Agent, Magnaporthiopsis maydis. 2024, Microbiology Spectrum, under review.
3. Degani O. ^a, Gordani A., Ayoub A., and Dimant E. Maize seeds microbiome protective endophytes against the late wilt disease agent, Magnaporthiopsis maydis. 2024, In preparation.

^a Corresponding author

Publications in Israel's national media (in Hebrew)

1. Ynet, 02.2019, פריצת דרך: הסוף למחלת הנבילה המאוחרת בתירס, https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5458256,00.html

2. Ynet, 10.2019, לא רק תירס: הפטרייה שתוקפת עוד גידולים חקלאיים, https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5610925,00.html

3. Ynet, 05.2021, נמצא פתרון ירוק למחלת התייבשות קשה בתירס, https://www.ynet.co.il/article/S1kHNqDOu

4. Ynet, 10.2023, פיתוח ישראלי נגד מחלת ריקבון הפחם, הפוגעת בכותנה, https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/s1upl5met

5. Ynet, 01.2024, חוקרים מהגליל העליון מצאו פתרון למחלה שפוגעת קשות בבצל, https://www.ynet.co.il/environment-science/article/bjgrrnsot

MIGAL Researcher home page - https://www.migal.org.il/en/Ofir-Degani

ResearchGate Profile - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ofir-Degani

Google Scholar Profile - https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Yi8kc5QAAAAJ&hl=en

Linkedin Profile - https://www.linkedin.com/in/ofir-degani-94265363